Structura a fost construită între anii 1887-1889 din oţel produs la Reşiţa, în România. Turnul Eiffel mai are în compoziţie oţel de la furnalul din Govăşdia, localitatea Ghelar din judeţul Hunedoara. Ea urma să servească drept arc de intrare la Expoziţia Universală (1889), un târg mondial ce sărbătorea centenarului Revoluţiei franceze. A fost inaugurat pe 31 martie 1889 şi deschis pe 6 mai. 300 de muncitori au unit 18.038 de piese de oţel, folosind două milioane jumătate de nituri. Luând în considerare standardele de siguranţă în acel moment, este remarcabil faptul că un singur muncitor a murit în construcţia turnului, în timpul instalării lifturilor. Lifturile originale funcţionau cu ajutorul unui sistem hidraulic, lifturile actuale sunt electrice.
Turnul are 300 m înălţime, excluzând antena din vârf, ce mai adaugă 20 de metri, şi o greutate de peste 10.000 de tone. Când a fost construit, era cea mai mare clădire din lume. Întreţinerea turnului include 50 de tone de vopsea maro închis, la fiecare 7 ani. Depinzând de temperatura aerului, Turnul Eiffel îşi schimbă înălţimea cu câţiva centimetri datorită contracţiei şi dilatării aliajului de metale.
Cel puţin la începuturile sale, publicul a întâmpinat cu multă reticenţă această construcţie, considerând-o inestetică. Astăzi însă este considerat drept simbolul oraşului şi una dintre cele mai frapante piese de artă arhitecturală din lume. Unul dintre clişeele hollywoodiene este priveliştea de la o fereastră pariziană, care întodeauna include Turnul Eiffel. La început, Eiffel a primit permisiunea de a lăsa monumetul în viaţă timp de 20 de ani, dar ţinând cont că oferea o serie de beneficii în domeniul comunicaţiilor, s-a renunţat la demontarea sa.
Turnul are 3 nivele: accesul publicului la primul şi al doilea nivel se poate face atât pe scări, cât şi cu liftul, în schimb accesul la ultimul nivel se face exclusiv cu liftul.
(sursa: Wikipedia)
(foto: Pozaru)
The Eiffel Tower is a 19th century iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris that has become both a global icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world. The Eiffel Tower, which is the tallest building in Paris,[1] is the single most visited paid monument in the world; millions of people ascend it every year. Named after its designer, engineer Gustave Eiffel, the tower was built as the entrance arch for the 1889 World's Fair.
The tower stands at 324 m (1,063 ft) tall, about the same height as an 81-story building. It was the tallest structure in the world from its completion until 1930, when it was eclipsed by the Chrysler Building in New York City. Not including broadcast antennas, it is the second-tallest structure in France, behind the Millau Viaduct, completed in 2004. And while the Eiffel Tower is a steel structure, and weighs approximately 10,000 tonnes, it actually has a relatively low density, weighing less than a cylinder of air occupying the same dimensions as the tower.
The tower has three levels for visitors. Tickets can be purchased to ascend either on stairs or lifts to the first and second levels. The walk to the first level is over 300 steps, as is the walk from the first to the second level. The third and highest level is only accessible by lift. Both the first and second levels feature restaurants.
The tower has become the most prominent symbol of both Paris and France. The tower is a featured part of the backdrop in literally scores of movies that take place in Paris. Its iconic status is so established that it even serves as a symbol for the entire nation of France, such as when it was used as the logo for the French bid to host the 1992 Summer Olympics.
The structure was built between 1887 and 1889 as the entrance arch for the Exposition Universelle, a World's Fair marking the centennial celebration of the French Revolution. Eiffel originally planned to build the tower in Barcelona, for the Universal Exposition of 1888, but those responsible at the Barcelona city hall thought it was a strange and expensive construction, which did not fit into the design of the city. After the refusal of the Consistory of Barcelona, Eiffel submitted his draft to those responsible for the Universal Exhibition in Paris, where he would build his tower a year later, in 1889. The tower was inaugurated on 31 March 1889, and opened on 6 May. Three hundred workers joined together 18,038 pieces of puddled iron (a very pure form of structural iron), using two and a half million rivets, in a structural design by Maurice Koechlin. The risk of accident was great, for unlike modern skyscrapers the tower is an open frame without any intermediate floors except the two platforms. However, because Eiffel took safety precautions, including the use of movable stagings, guard-rails and screens, only one man died.
(source: Wikipedia)
(photo: Pozaru)
